Citrus Canker

Class: Bacteria
Common Name: Citrus canker
Scientific Name: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri
Potential Host:

Citrus

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Who Am I?

Citrus canker is caused by a bacteria that penetrates citrus trees through stomata or wounded tissue.The disease favors high humidity that is combined with warm weather conditions. Citrus canker can spread by winds, rain or water splashes, and it can be transmitted mechanically through using contaminated tools.

Initial symptoms of citrus canker are small lesions on leaves that might resemble blisters. Later on, the blisters develop into brownish necrotic-like elevated corky lesions often surrounded by a yellow halo. On twigs, citrus canker appears corky, which is often surrounded by water-soaked margins. On fruits, citrus canker appears as brown scab-like or corky lesions and appear as elevated tissue.

Generally speaking, once a tree is infected with the bacteria, the tree begins to slowly decline towards the death. The fruits and foliage tend to drop prematurely and infected fruits that have canker signs are not marketable. Citrus canker has the ability to decimate entire orchards and poses a huge risk to the whole citrus industry.

Control Measures

Sanitation: Removing and destroying infected plant parts and residues using sterile pruning tools helps to diminish the overall spread of citrus canker. It is essential that the equipment and the workers in infected regions go through a disinfection process too. Equipment can be disinfected and treated with an approved disinfectant. Large scale quarantine measures often take place in regions where citrus canker is yet to be endemic to prevent the introduction of the bacteria. The risk of introducing citrus canker to disease-free countries gives raise to strict restriction measures that are implemented on citrus importation.

Cultivar Selection: Some species are more susceptible than others; few are resistant. In regions where outbreaks occur, switching from susceptible citrus cultivars to resistant cultivars is often essential, necessary, and sometimes imminent.

Windbreaks: Physical barriers can help reduce the spread of canker, especially in endemic situations since significant portions of new infections are caused by wind-blown rains

No effective chemical control.

Copper-based products that are sprayed frequently can help protect fruits or leaves and can aid in suppressing canker citrus for spreading.

Controlling leafminer is vital because tunnels on leaves can expose the tissues to infections.

Caution and careful notice should be taken when using any plant protection products (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides). It is the grower’s sole responsibility to keep track of the legal uses and permissions with respect to the laws in their country and destination markets. Always read the instructions written on labels, and in a case of contradiction, work in accordance to the product label. Keep in mind that information written on the label usually applies to local markets. Pest control products intended for organic farming are generally considered to be less effective in comparison to conventional products. When dealing with organic, biologic, and to some extent a small number of conventional chemical products, a complete eradication of a pest or disease will often require several iterations of a specific treatment or combination of treatments.