Rice
The name of the disease is derived from the visual symptoms it causes to rice plants. When conditions are favorable, plant tissues become undergo necrosis and heavily infected leaves will appear burnt from a distance.
Rice blast can cause lesions on leaves, leaf collars, nods, stems, panicles and grains. In about 90% of the time, panicles and grains exhibit visual symptoms, while leaf sheets and roots do not show symptoms.
Initially, purple spots are formed on young leaves. With time, the spots become spindle-shaped. Large lesions usually develop a diamond shape with grayish center and brown margin. Infection on the necks can be fatal; it can lead to a condition called neck blast in which the entire panicle might fall over.
Rice blast disease is the most devastating plant diseases in rice. The damages it can inflict and potential yield losses are so great that rice blast disease has been ranked among the most important plant diseases in the world. Rice blast is found throughout most of the rice growing countries.
The disease favors temperatures around 24 degrees Celsius and long periods of high moisture conditions, which are commonly found throughout flooded rice fields.
The fungus produces conidia (spores of an asexual reproduction). Under windy conditions, conidia become airborne, eventually descending on other rice plants where it will germinate and cause new infections. When warm and wet weather is present, the formation of new conidia occurs within hours. Sources of inoculum include infected seeds and overwintering of spores on volunteer plants.
Use variedades de plantas e sementes resistentes à doença.
O plantio de sementes de elevada qualidade e sem doenças é sempre recomendado.
Manter um Espaço Adequado: Evite plantar com densidade excessiva para que a luz possa penetrar.
Fertilização adequada: O uso excessivo de fertilizantes nitrogenados muitas vezes não consegue aumentar significativamente os rendimentos e pode aumentar novas infeções por magnaporthe grisea.
Saneamento: Mantenha o ambiente próximo das culturas limpo, removendo ervas daninhas, detritos de plantas, partes danificadas, crescimento indesejado de plantas e plantas próximas que não são cultivadas e desprotegidas.
Os produtos utilizados numa ou mais partes do mundo podem conter os seguintes ingredientes:
hexaconazol, triciclazole, N-propil-N-, carpropamida, azoxistrobina e carbendazime.
*Names marked in red are considered to be highly poisonous to beneficial insects.
*Names marked in green are considered to be organic and IPM (integrated pest management) compatible.